Preface xxxiii
Part Ⅰ Major trends in twentieth-century language
teaching　1
1 A Brief History of Language Teaching　3
2 The Nature of Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching　18
3 The Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching　36
4 The Audiolingual Method　50

Part Ⅱ Alternative approaches and methods　71
5 Total Physical Response　73
6 The Silent Way 81
7 Community Language Learning　90
8 Suggestopedia　1 00
9 Whole Language　108
1 0 Multiple Intelligences　115
11 Neurolinguistic Programming　125
12 The Lexical Approach　132
13 Competency—Based Language Teaching　141

Part Ⅲ Current communicative approaches　151
14 Communicative Language Teaching　153
15 The Natural Approach　178
16 Cooperative Language Learning　192
17 Content—Based Instruction　204
18 Task—Based Language Teaching　223
19 The Post-methods Era　244
Author index　257
Subject index　261