1 overview of c
1.1 history of c
1.2 importance of c
1.3 sample program 1: printing a message
1.4 sample program 2' adding two numbers
1.5 sample program 3: interest calculation
1.6 sample program 4: use of subroutines
1.7 sample program 5: use of math functions
1.8 basic Structure of c programs
1.9 programming style
1.10 executing a 'c' program
1.11 UNIX system
1.12 ms-dos System
Review questions
Programming exercises
2 constants, variables, and data types
2.1 Introduction
2.2 character set
2.3 c tokens
2.4 keywords and identifiers
2.5 constants
2.6 variables
2.7 data types
2.8 Declaration of variables
2.9 declaration of storage class
2.10 assigning values to variables
2.11 defining symbolic constants
2.12 declaring a variable as constant
2.13 declaring a variable as volatile
2.14 overflow and underflow of data
Review questions
Programming exercises
3 operators and expressions
3.1 Introduction
3.2 arithmetic operators
3.3 relational operators
3.4 logical operators
3.5 assignment operators
3.6 increment and decrement operators
3.7 conditional Operator
3.8 bitwise operators
3.9 special operators
3.10 arithmetic expressions
3.11 Evaluation of expressions
3.12 Precedence of arithmetic operators
3.13 Some computational problems
3.14 type conversions in expressions
3.15 operator precedence and Associativity
3.16 mathematical functions
Review questions
Programming exercises
4 managing input and output operations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 reading a character
4.3 writing a character
4.4 formatted input
4.5 formatted output
Review questions
Programming exercises
5 decision making and branching
5.1 Introduction
5.2 decision making with if statement
5.3 simple if statement
5.4 The if...else statement
5.5 nesting of if...else statements
5.6 The else if ladder
5.7 The switch statement
5.8 The?: Operator
5.9 The go to statement
Review questions
Programming exercises
6 decision making and looping
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The while statement
6.3 The do statement
6.4 The for statement
6.5 jumps in loops
6.6 concise test expressions
Review questions
Programming exercises
7 arrays
7.1 Introduction
7.2 one-dimensional arrays
7.3 Declaration of one-dimensional arrays
7.4 Initialization of one-dimensional arrays
7.5 two-dimensional arrays
7.6 initializing two-dimensional arrays
7.7 multi-dimensional arrays
7.8 dynamic arrays
7.9 more about arrays
Review questions
Programming exercises
8 character arrays and strings
8.1 Introduction
8.2 declaring and initializing string variables
8.3 reading strings from terminal
8.4 writing strings to screen
8.5 arithmetic operations on characters
8.6 putting strings together
8.7 Comparison of two strings
8.8 string-handling functions
8.9 table of strings
8.10 other features of strings
Review questions
Programming exercises
9 user-defined functions
9.1 Introduction
9.2 need for user-defined functions
9.3 A multi-function program
9.4 elements of user-defined functions
9.5 Definition of functions
9.6 return values and their types
9.7 function calls
9.8 function declaration
9.9 Category of functions
9.10 No arguments and no return values
9.11 arguments but no return values
9.12 arguments with return values
9.13 No arguments but returns a value
9.14 functions that return multiple values
9.15 nesting of functions
9.16 Recursion
9.17 passing arrays to functions
9.18 passing strings to functions
9.19 The scope, visibility and lifetime of variables
9.20 Multifile programs
Review questions
Programming exercises
10 structures and unions
10.1 Introduction
10.2 defining a structure
10.3 declaring structure variables
10.4 accessing structure members
10.5 structure initialization
10.6 copying and comparing structure variables
10.7 operations on individual members
10.8 arrays of structures
10.9 arrays within structures
10.10 structures within structures
10.11 structures and functions
10.12 unions
10.13 size of structures
10.14 bit fields
Review questions
Programming exercises
11 pointers
11.1 Introduction
11.2 understanding pointers
11.3 accessing the address of a variable
11.4 declaring pointer variables
11.5 Initialization of pointer variables
11.6 accessing a variable through its pointer
11.7 chain of pointers
11.8 pointer expressions
11.9 pointer increments and scale factor
11.10 pointers and arrays
11.11 pointers and character strings
11.12 array of pointers
11.13 pointers as function arguments
11.14 functions returning pointers
11.15 pointers to functions
11.16 pointers and structures
11.17 troubles with pointers
Review questions
Programming exercises
12 file management in c
12.1 Introduction
12.2 defining and opening a file
12.3 closing a file
12.4 input/output operations on files
12.5 error handling during I/O operations
12.6 random Access to files
12.7 command line arguments
Review questions
Programming exercises
13 dynamic memory allocation and linked lists
13.1 Introduction
13.2 dynamic Memory Allocation
13.3 Allocating a block of memory: NALLOC
13.4 Allocating multiple blocks of memory: CALLOC
13.5 Releasing the used space: free
13.6 Altering the size of a block: REALLOC
13.7 Concepts of linked lists
13.8 Advantages of linked lists
13.9 Types of linked lists
13.10 Pointers revisited
13.11 Creating a linked list
13.12 Inserting an item
13.13 Deleting an item
13.14 Application of linked lists
Review questions
Programming exercises
14 The preprocessor
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Macro substitution
14.3 File inclusion
14.4 Compiler control directives
14.5 ANSI additions
Review questions
Programming exercises
15 Developing a C program: some guidelines
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Program design
15.3 Program coding
15.4 Common programming errors
15.5 Program testing and debugging
15.6 Program efficiency
Review questions
Appendix Ⅰ: Bit-level programming
Appendix Ⅱ: ASCII values of characters
Appendix Ⅲ: ANSI library functions
Appendix Ⅳ: Projects
Appendix Ⅴ: C99 features
Bibliography
Index