quantum groups first arose in the physics literature, particularly in the work of L. D. Faddeev and the Leningrad school, from the inverse scattering method, which had been developed to construct and solve integrable quantum systems. They have excited great interest in the past few years because of their unexpected connections with such, at first sight, unrelated parts of mathematics as the construction of knot invariants and the representation theory of algebraic groups in characteristic p.
　　In their original form, quantum groups are associative algebras whose defin-ing relations are expressed in terms of a matrix of constants (depending on the integrable system under consideration) called a quantum R-matrix. It was realized independently by V. G. Drinfeld and M. Jimbo around 1985 that these algebras are Hopf algebras, which, in many cases, are deformations of universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras. A little later, Yu. I. Manin and S. L. Woronowicz independently constructed non-commutative deforma-tions of the algebra of functions on the groups SL2(C) and SU2, respectively,and showed that many of the classical results about algebraic and topological groups admit analogues in the non-commutative case.